SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF MODERN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE PRACTICES DURING PREGNANCY
Keywords:
Antenatal Care, Pregnancies, Exploit, Child Development, Maternal Health, Child Health, EconomicAbstract
This paper is an investigation of maternal health practices in Jampur, Punjab, Pakistan using anthropological qualitative methods. With the phenomena of globalization, the revolution of Medical Sciences has also reached right up to the developing countries like Pakistan, however there are some issues. The study offers insights into the historical changes in maternal health practices and the increasing awareness of children’s developmental milestones. It emphasizes the underprivileged status of peasants and describes the differences in the medical staff focus on city versus rural clients.
In this paper, socio-cultural determinants relevant for women’s pregnancy and child rearing practices in Jampur are explored. People tended a decade ago to be unaware of issues concerning maternal health and regarded parental investment into child development as unnecessary as it was a natural event. Though this understanding has improved owing to diverse projects, social networking, and internet, absence of classroom teaching impedes the cause. Money hungry ventures in the development sector and the pharmaceutical capsule industry fleece struggling individuals for profit while it is the center cities that impoverish the villages through budget centers marginalizing them. This paper draws attention to such practices and their consequences with child and maternal health practices in perspective.
References
Aziz, A., Saleem, S., Nolen, T. L., Pradhan, N. A., McClure, E. M., Jessani, S., . . . Goudar, & S. S. (2020). Why are the Pakistani Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Outcomes so Poor Compared to Other low and Middle-Income Countries? Reproductive health, 17, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01023-5
Ciplet, D., Falzon, D., Uri, I., Robinson, S.-a., Weikmans, R., & Roberts, J. T. (2022). The Unequal Geographies of Climate Finance: Climate Injustice and Dependency in the World System. Political Geography, 99, 102769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102769
David, M., Afzal, M., Shoaib, M., Aman, F., Cloete, K. J., Turi, N., & Jahan, S. (2020). Study of Occupational Exposure to Brick Kiln Emissions on Heavy Metal Burden, Biochemical Profile, Cortisol Level and Reproductive Health Risks Among Female Workers at Rawat, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 44073-44088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10275-4
Goldfrank, W. L. (2000). Paradigm Regained? The Rules of Wallerstein's World-System Method. Journal of World Systems Research, 6(2), 150-195. https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2000.223
Husain, F., Akram, S., Al-Kubaisi, H. A. R., & Hameed, F. (2023). The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes and Exacerbates Inequalities for Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(3), 3755-3765-3755-3765. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1103.0654
Michael, J., Iqbal, Q., Haider, S., Khalid, A., Haque, N., Ishaq, R., . . . Bashaar, M. (2020). Knowledge and Practice of Adolescent Females about Menstruation and menstruation Hygiene Visiting a Public Healthcare Institute of Quetta, Pakistan. BMC women's health, 20, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0874-3
Morgan, L. M. (1987). Dependency Theory in the Political Economy of Health: An Anthropological Critique. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 1(2), 131-154. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.1987.1.2.02a00010
Nadeem, A., Cheema, M. K., & Zameer, S. (2021). Perceptions of Muslim Parents and Teachers Towards Sex Education in Pakistan. Sex Education, 21(1), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1753032
Omer, S., Zakar, R., Zakar, M. Z., & Fischer, F. (2021). The Influence of Social and Cultural Practices on Maternal Mortality: A Qualitative Study from South Punjab, Pakistan. Reproductive health, 18(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01151-6
Popay, J., Whitehead, M., Ponsford, R., Egan, M., & Mead, R. (2021). Power, Control, Communities and Health Inequalities I: Theories, Concepts and Analytical Frameworks. Health Promotion International, 36(5), 1253-1263. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa133
Skocpol, T. (1977). Wallerstein's World Capitalist System: A Theoretical and Historical Critique. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 1075-1090. https://doi.org/10.1086/226431
Smith, M., & Sarabi, Y. (2022). How does the Behaviour of the Core Differ from the Periphery?-An International Trade Network Analysis. Social Networks, 70, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2021.11.001
Touray, E. (2022). Southern Senegambia in the World System Dynamics: from Medieval to the Atlantic Era. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.05.03.372
Väyrynen, R. (2021). Semiperipheral Countries in the Global Economic and Military Order Militarization and Arms Production (163-192): Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003149118-9
Wallerstein, I. (1974). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century. New York: Academic Press