ASSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF COURTYARD HOUSES WITHIN THE TEMPLE PRECINCT OF KAVLEM, GOA

Authors

  • Nishi Sudesh Sukthankar M.Arch Student, Dayananda Sagar College of Architecture, DSI Campus, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2652-4386
  • Vidhya M.S. Associate Professor, Dayananda Sagar College of Architecture, DSI Campus, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6113-3339
  • N.S. Nalini Professor, Dayananda Sagar College of Architecture, DSI Campus, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-6468
  • Rama R. Subrahmanian Professor, Dayananda Sagar College of Architecture, DSI Campus, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/ShodhSamajik.v3.i2.2026.151

Keywords:

Adaptive Reuse, Goan Vernacular Architecture, Heritage Conservation, Temple Precincts, Traditional Courtyard Houses

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the structural conditions, social perspectives, and adaptive reuse potential of two historic courtyard houses in Kavlem, Goa. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining spatial documentation, stakeholder interviews, people's perceptual surveys, and expert consultations with structural engineers. On-site audits, plan analysis, and photographic documentation were used to analyze two case houses: Dubashi and Gaitonde. A reuse-readiness matrix was created, and intervention techniques were suggested based on condition, cultural alignment, and community feedback. Among the two century-old courtyard houses, the structurally sound Dubashi house is deemed suitable for limited cultural use after minor repairs as per all the surveyed architects and engineers. All interviewed respondents indicate that traditional Goan courtyard houses can be adapted with minimal intervention if done sensitively. In comparison, the more fragile Gaitonde home requires considerable structural restoration before usage, with 75% of specialists citing difficulties such as foundation erosion, timber rot, and roof instability as prevalent vulnerabilities that require major intervention. According to community surveys, 94% of respondents support the preservation of these properties, while 59% prefer adaptive reuse for culturally relevant, non-commercial activities such as museums, cultural art shows, or spiritual places.

References

Amro, D. K., Sukkar, A., Yahia, M. W., and Abukeshek, M. K. (2023). Evaluating the Cultural Sustainability of the Adaptive Reuse of Al-Nabulsi Traditional House into a Cultural Center in Irbid, Jordan. Sustainability, 15(17), Article 13198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713198

Avrami, E. (2016). Making Historic Preservation Sustainable. Journal of the American Planning Association, 82(2), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2015.1126196

Chen, M., Wang, H., Hu, Z., Zhou, Q., and Zhao, L. (2024). Heritage Regeneration Models for Traditional Courtyard Houses in a Northern Chinese City (Jinan) in the Context of Urban Renewal. Sustainability, 16(18), Article 8089. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188089

Dhume, V. M. (1985). An Overview of Administrative Reforms in India States and Union Territories: Goa, Daman and Diu. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 31(3), 1124–1127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556119850351

Gahalot, R., and Gupta, C. (2024). Regenerating and Reclaiming the Contested Spaces in Sacred Landscapes. Archaeologies, 21(1), 74–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-024-09512-w

Halder, N., and Kumar, D. (2025). Towards Reviving Vernacu lar Architecture in India: Insights into the Indigenous Building Traditions. ISVS E-Journal, 12(5), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.61275/ISVSej-2025-12-05-03

Li, Y., and Lo, L. B. R. (2005). Opportunities and Constraints of Heritage Tourism in Hong Kong’s Changing Cultural Landscape. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(4), 322–345. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6040031

Menon, A. G. K. (2020). Architecture as Heritage: Material Repair Before Reuse. Indian Architect and Builder, 34(5), 12–17.

Nurani, S. H. (2024). Decolonization in Goa: Past, Process, and Present. Community Change, 6(1), Article 4.

Rong, W., and Bahauddin, A. (2023). Heritage and Rehabilitation Strategies for Confucian Courtyard Architecture: A Case Study in Liaocheng, China. Buildings, 13(3), Article 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030599

Routh, R., Bhavsar, D., and Pandya, P. (2025). Exploring Participatory Governance in Indian Cultural Heritage: Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges. Built Heritage, 9(1), Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-025-00224-w

Shinde, K. A. (2012). Place-Making and Environmental Change in a Hindu Pilgrimage Site in India. Geoforum, 43(1), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.07.014

Udeaja, C., Trillo, C., Awuah, K. G. B., Makore, B. C. N., Patel, D. A., Mansuri, L. E., and Jha, K. N. (2020). Urban Heritage Conservation and Rapid Urbanization: Insights from Surat, India. Sustainability, 12(6), Article 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062172

Khedekar, V. V. (2016). Goa: Land, Life, and Legacy. Broadway Publishing House.

Smith, L. (2006). Uses of Heritage. Routledge.

Tillotson, G. H. R. (1989). The Tradition of Indian Architecture: Continuity, Controversy and Change Since 1850. Yale University Press.

Byrne, D. (2008). Heritage as Social Action. In G. J. Fairclough, R. Harrison, J. H. Jameson, and J. Schofield (Eds.), The Heritage Reader (149–173). Routledge.

Henn, A. (2009). Hindu Traditions in Goa. In K. A. Jacobson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Hinduism (Vol. 1, 249–254). Brill.

Jain, S. (2020). Heritage Management and Conservation Planning for Historic Cities in India. In A. Krishna and R. Sharma (Eds.), Heritage Management in India (52–69). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003109426-5

Plevoets, B., and Van Cleempoel, K. (2011). Adaptive Reuse as a Strategy Towards Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Literature Review. In C. A. Brebbia and L. Binda (Eds.), Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XII (Vol. 118, 155–164). WIT Press.

INTACH Goa Chapter. (2020). Survey on Vernacular Homes in Temple Towns of Goa [Unpublished report]. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage.

Mahale, A., Ritu, A., and Rai, R. (2024, September). Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Structures: Exploring Wadas of Nashik City [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Heritage Conservation and Urban Regeneration, Nashik, India.

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. (2023). Annual Report 2022–2023. Government of India.

Government of Goa – South Goa. (2025). History. [South Goa District – History].

Shree Shantadurga Saunsthan. (2025). History of Shree Shantadurga Temple.

UNESCO. (2021). Living Heritage and Community-Based Conservation. UNESCO Digital Library.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-24