TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC PRACTICES OF BIRHOR TRIBE OF CHHATTISGARH AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ShodhSamajik.v2.i2.2025.22Keywords:
Chattishgarh's Tribe, Bihor Tribe, Tribal Development, Tribal Traditional PracticesAbstract
Indian tribes are known for their rich ethnic and cultural heritage but due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, they have been losing their unique identity. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have further endangered their culture, eroding their traditional beliefs, language, and practices. Among all these tribes of India, Birhor is one of the most endangered tribes, and it is on the verge of extinction. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the evolving socio-cultural patterns of the vulnerable "Birhor" tribe and to put appropriate strategies and programs in place for the self-initiated preservation of indigenous tribal culture and identity.
The studies on the Birhor tribes focus on either their traditional economic practices or their cultural erosion due to urbanization, but few have comprehensively analyzed how these economic adaptations influence their identity and long-term survival. Additionally, while the impact of government policies on their settlement patterns has been noted, there is limited research on how these policies have affected their livelihood sustainability and access to resources. This study state about the understanding of the inter-community dynamics between the Birhor and other tribal groups, particularly how social discrimination shapes their economic opportunities.
References
Bain, B., & Premi, J. K. (2019). An Investigation on The Ethnogynecological Medicinal Knowledge of the Birhor Tribe of Chhattisgarh, India. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(11), 5138–5150. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00890.4
Ghosh, D., & Chatterjee, D. (2024). Birhor Society and Culture: A Study on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Jharkhand, India. International Journal of Research and Review, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240622
Kasi, E., & Mather, G. S. (n.d.). Adivasis and Affirmative Action Policies: An Ethnographic Appraisal of PVTGs.
Mathew, G. S., & Kasi, E. (2021). Livelihoods of Vulnerable People: An Ethnographic Study Among the Birhor of Chhattisgarh. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 31(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/10185291211007924
Munda, A. (2024). Birhor Way of Life: Balancing Ecology, Economy, and Kinship. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews.
Panna, A., & Munda, Abhijieet. (2024). Resilience and Transformation: The Story of Birhor Settlements in Jharkhand. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 11(1).
Prasad, B., Chauhan, A., & Mahto, R. (2024). PVTGs in Jharkhand: An Anthropological Perspective (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups). Prabhat Prakashan.
Premi, J. K. (2014). Birhor: The Inconsequential Extraordinary Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) of India. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(4), 366–369.
Sinha, A. K., & Banerjee, B. G. (2004). Birhor II. In Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes (pp. 232–247). Discovery Publishing House.
Tripathi, S. (2017). Birhor and Their Culture: An Ethnographic Account of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Chhattisgarh. In Jal-Jangal-Jameen Aur Janjatiyan. Triveni Seva Samiti Sohbatiyabagh.
Bain, B., & Premi, J. K. (2019). An Investigation on The Ethnogynecological Medicinal Knowledge of the Birhor Tribe of Chhattisgarh, India. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(11), 5138–5150. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00890.4
Ghosh, D., & Chatterjee, D. (2024). Birhor Society and Culture: A Study on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Jharkhand, India. International Journal of Research and Review, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240622
Kasi, E., & Mather, G. S. (n.d.). Adivasis and Affirmative Action Policies: An Ethnographic Appraisal of PVTGs.
Mathew, G. S., & Kasi, E. (2021). Livelihoods of Vulnerable People: An Ethnographic Study Among the Birhor of Chhattisgarh. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 31(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/10185291211007924
Munda, A. (2024). Birhor Way of Life: Balancing Ecology, Economy, and Kinship. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews.
Panna, A., & Munda, Abhijieet. (2024). Resilience and Transformation: The Story of Birhor Settlements in Jharkhand. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 11(1).
Prasad, B., Chauhan, A., & Mahto, R. (2024). PVTGs in Jharkhand: An Anthropological Perspective (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups). Prabhat Prakashan.
Premi, J. K. (2014). Birhor: The Inconsequential Extraordinary Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) of India. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(4), 366–369.
Sinha, A. K., & Banerjee, B. G. (2004). Birhor II. In Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes (pp. 232–247). Discovery Publishing House.
Tripathi, S. (2017). Birhor and Their Culture: An Ethnographic Account of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Chhattisgarh. In Jal-Jangal-Jameen Aur Janjatiyan. Triveni Seva Samiti Sohbatiyabagh.
