PARTY SYSTEM IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The party system exists as a central structural element in the Indian democratic system, profoundly influencing the nation's political direction and governance processes. After independence, a multi-party system developed in India, providing political expression to diverse social, economic, and regional aspirations. The Indian National Congress clearly dominated the initial phase, but over time, the rise of regional parties and alternative political organizations has made the political landscape more multifaceted. The party system has significantly contributed to accountability by encouraging democratic participation. However, it faces numerous structural and practical challenges, including defection, political corruption, caste- and religious-based politics, and the instability of coalition governments. In contemporary Indian politics, the role of political parties is expanding beyond mere power-sharing to encompass social welfare, inclusive development, and social justice. The spread of digital technology and the active political participation of youth have infused new energy into the democratic process. This article presents a critical analysis of the historical evolution of the Indian party system, its major problems, and future prospects.